The Republic of Srpska within Bosnia and Herzegovina (RS BiH) achieved independence in 1995. Until now we have a lot of questions related to the quality of Bosnia and Herzegovina sovereignty. In order to give a transparent analysis of situation in the Republic of Srpska, the paper is divided into four parts. There is an analysis of the political situation in the first section. The author is presented constitutional basis upon which it operates the RS BiH. Then are provided the information from the recent parliamentary and presidential elections. The second part is contained a brief analysis of the economic situation in Republic of Srpska. It are adduced a series of data that affect on status of the Republic of Srpska economy. In the third part the author is focused on the social situation in the Republic of Srpska. It is presented data of various social aspects such as ethnic census, migration, unemployment or mines problem. In the forth section, there is referred to the presented situation in Republic of Srpska and the author is created own scenarios of possible events in the Republic.