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Vivienda y ayuda humanitaria. Los antecedentes de las acciones frente a los desastres

Authors: Audefroy, Joël;

Vivienda y ayuda humanitaria. Los antecedentes de las acciones frente a los desastres

Abstract

La ayuda humanitaria llevada a cabo después de los desastres no es un fenómeno reciente. Si bien las acciones de las grandes agencias humanitarias internacionales son conocidas, tales como las de la Cruz Roja Internacional, OXFAM y CARITAS Internacional entre otras, lo que es menos conocido, es el origen de las propuestas de los arquitectos sobre el tema del hábitat de emergencia y la reconstrucción. De hecho, si revisamos el tema con un corte histórico, observamos que las propuestas han estado bastante ligadas a corrientes y movimientos de la arquitectura sobre todo a partir del siglo XX. Este trabajo presenta los antecedentes de la participación de los arquitectos en el diseño de propuestas para emergencia y reconstrucción después de desastres y presenta algunas experiencias recientes en la región mesoamericana en Guatemala, El Salvador y México. Este trabajo muestra que las propuestas de reconstrucción de tipo participativo y utilizando procesos de ayuda mutua han sido mucho más exitosas que las experiencias masivas promovidas verticalmente por los gobiernos sin ninguna participación social.Abstract: The post-disaster humanitarian aid is not a new phenomenon. Although the actions of the great international humanitarian agencies are known, such as those of the International Red Cross, OXFAM and CARITAS International among others, which is less well-known, is the origin of the proposals of the architects on emergency shelter and reconstruction issues. In fact, if we review the subject from a historical cut, we may observe that the proposals have been linked to current movements of XXth century architecture mainly. This approach focuses on the antecedents of the architect’s participation in the design of proposals for post-disasters emergency and reconstruction and presents some recent experiences in the Mesoamerican region in Guatemala, El Salvador and Mexico. This paper suggests that the participating and mutual aid reconstruction processes has been much more successful than massive and vertical experiences promoted by governments without any social participation.Résumé : L’aide humanitaire fournie après les désastres n’est pas un phénomène récent. Si sont bien connues les actions des grandes agences humanitaires internationales telles que la Croix Rouge internationale, OXFAM et CARITAS International, entre autres, ce qui est moins connu, c’est l’origine des propositions des architectes sur les thèmes de l’habitat d’urgence et la reconstruction. En fait, si nous révisons le sujet dans une perspective historique, nous pouvons observer que les propositions ont été très liées aux mouvements de l’architecture surtout à partir du XXe siècle. Ce travail présente les antécédents de la participation des architectes dans la conception de propositions pour l’habitat d’urgence et la reconstruction après les désastres et montre quelques exemples récents dans la région mésoaméricaine au Guatemala, au Salvador et au Mexique. Ce travail montre que les propositions de reconstruction participatives et d’aide mutuelle ont été beaucoup plus satisfaisantes que les expériences massives et verticales des gouvernements réalisées sans aucune participation sociale.

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Keywords

emergencia, vivienda, [desastre, ayuda humanitaria], destrucción

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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