This article analyzes the export performance of the Mexican agricultural and food sector in recent years with emphasis on the changing competitiveness of those exports in the U.S. and world markets. The paper includes an examination of the general trends in Mexican agricultural and food exports, an analysis of the international competitiveness of the major subgroups of Mexican agriculture based on the Revealed Comparative Advantage methodology, an assessment of the competitiveness of Mexican exports of specific agricultural and food products to the United States, and a consideration of the effectiveness of Mexico's agricultural and food export market diversification efforts.