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Drug Design, Development and Therapy
Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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Drug Design, Development and Therapy
Article
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PubMed Central
Article . 2015
Data sources: PubMed Central
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Dove Medical Press
Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Dove Medical Press
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Mechanisms underlying probucol-induced hERG-channel deficiency

Authors: Shi,Yuan-Qi; Yan,Cai-Chuan; Zhang,Xiao; Yan,Meng; Liu,Li-Rong; Geng,Huaize; Lv,Lin; +1 Authors

Mechanisms underlying probucol-induced hERG-channel deficiency

Abstract

The hERG gene encodes the pore-forming α-subunit of the rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium channel (I Kr), which is important for cardiac repolarization. Reduction of I hERG due to genetic mutations or drug interferences causes long QT syndrome, leading to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias (torsades de pointes) or sudden death. Probucol is a cholesterol-lowering drug that could reduce hERG current by decreasing plasma membrane hERG protein expression and eventually cause long QT syndrome. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of probucol effects on I hERG and hERG-channel expression. Our data demonstrated that probucol reduces SGK1 expression, known as SGK isoform, in a concentration-dependent manner, resulting in downregulation of phosphorylated E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 expression, but not the total level of Nedd4-2. As a result, the hERG protein reduces, due to the enhanced ubiquitination level. On the contrary, carbachol could enhance the phosphorylation level of Nedd4-2 as an alternative to SGK1, and thus rescue the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of hERG channels caused by probucol. These discoveries provide a novel mechanism of probucol-induced hERG-channel deficiency, and imply that carbachol or its analog may serve as potential therapeutic compounds for the handling of probucol cardiotoxicity.

Related Organizations
Keywords

ERG1 Potassium Channel, Drug Design, Development and Therapy, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport, Anticholesteremic Agents, Nedd4 Ubiquitin Protein Ligases, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels, Immediate-Early Proteins, Long QT Syndrome, HEK293 Cells, Probucol, Humans, Carbachol, Phosphorylation, Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases, Original Research

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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
10
Average
Average
Top 10%
Green
gold