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Tradeoffs in automated political advertising regulation: evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic

Authors: Grazia Cecere; Clara Jean; Vincent Lefrere; Catherine Tucker;

Tradeoffs in automated political advertising regulation: evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

International audience; Digital platforms have experienced pressure to restrict and regulate political ad content as a matter of national urgency. Digital ad venues therefore need to identify ads as having political content in order to police whether or not they have appropriate disclosures. However, an algorithmic approach to the categorization may hit difficulties in times of rapid change and if there is not a consensus on what a political ad actually is. We collect data on European and American ads published in the Facebook Ad Library and show that algorithmic determination of what constitutes an issue of national importance resulted in COVID-19-related ads to be disqualified because they do not have an appropriate disclaimer. Our results show that ads run by governmental organizations to inform the population about COVID-19 are more likely to be banned by Facebook's algorithm than ads run by non-governmental organizations. We suggest that this implies that governmental organizations failed to recognize that COVID-19 was a matter of national significance and that ads referring to COVID-19 required a disclaimer. We show that this primarily affects European governmental organizations' ads. It seems that Facebook's policy related to "{Social Issues, Elections or Politics}'' ads is based on US political broadcasting and political advertising rules which are less familiar to European organizations. Our results suggest that in general, most parties, falling within the political ad space have difficulty determining what might be governed by political ad policy, especially in the context of national emergencies.

Country
France
Subjects by Vocabulary

Microsoft Academic Graph classification: Population Context (language use) Space (commercial competition) Social issues Politics Order (exchange) Political science education education.field_of_study Disclaimer Advertising restrict

Keywords

History, Polymers and Plastics, Ad bans, Political ads, Algorithmic decision-making, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Business and International Management, COVID-19, JEL: M - Business Administration and Business Economics • Marketing • Accounting • Personnel Economics/M.M3 - Marketing and Advertising, JEL: K - Law and Economics/K.K2 - Regulation and Business Law, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration

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  • citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    1
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
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