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Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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EPİLEPSİ / EPILEPSY

Authors: AKDAĞ, Gönül; ALGIN, Demet; ERDİNÇ, Oğuz;

EPİLEPSİ / EPILEPSY

Abstract

Özet: Epilepsi; kortikal nöronlardaki anormal ve aşırı elektriksel deşarj sonucu ortaya çıkan, ani, tekrarlayıcı, tanımlanabilen bir olayla tetiklenmemiş epilepsi nöbetleri ile karakterize bir durumdur. Metabolik, toksik, yapısal, enfeksiyöz ve de inflamatuar nedenlerle gerçekleşen, akut santral sinir sistemi (SSS) hasarı nedeni ile ortaya çıkan nöbetler ise akut semptomatik nöbetler olarak adlandırılır ve geçicidir. Epilepsi, çocukluk ve ergenlik çağında en sık, erişkinlerde ise beyin damar hastalıklarından sonra ikinci sıklıkta görülen nörolojik hastalık olarak belirtilmektedir. International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) tarafından 2010 yılında yayınlanan son sınıflama önerisinde daha önce yayınlanmış sınıflamalardaki terim ve kavramlarda değişiklikler yapılarak, epileptik nöbetler, epilepsiler ve elektroklinik sendromlar yeniden sınıflandırılmıştır. Ortaya çıkan klinik tablonun epilepsi nöbeti olup olmadığına karar verilmesinin ardından bazı tetkikler ile tanı desteklenmekte, tedavide yol gösterici olmaktadır. Ayırıcı tanıda nörojenik ve kardiyojenik senkop, psikojenik nonepileptik olaylar ve diğer hastalıklar yer almaktadır. Doğru tanı, tedavi seçiminde yol gösterici olabilmektedir. Eski ve yeni antiepileptik ilaçlar arasında hastaya (epilepsi tipi, yaşı, cinsiyeti, ek hastalıkları göz önünde bulundurularak) uygun antiepileptik ilaç (AEİ) başlanır. AEİ etkili olmazsa ikinci monoterapi ve/veya politerapi uygulanabilir. Epilepsi tedavisinde hedef, herhangi bir yan etkiye yol açmadan, nö¬betlerin tamamen önlenebilmesidir. ILAE 2009 yılında, tedavi programlarına uygun olarak seçilen, tolere edilen en yüksek dozda, tek başına veya kombine şekilde kullanılan iki farklı AEİ’ye karşın, nöbetsizliğin elde edilememesi veya tedavi başarısızlığını ilaca dirençli epilepsi olarak kabul etmektedir. Dirençli epilepsi hastalarında cerrahi tedavi, vagal sinir stimülasyonu, derin beyin stimülasyonu, ketojenik diyet diğer tedavi seçenekleri arasında yer almaktadır.ANAHTAR KELİMELER: Epilepsi, ILAE 2010 sınıflaması, antiepileptik ilaç, dirençli epilepsi EPILEPSYAbstract: Epilepsy is a condition characterized by abnormal and excessive electrical discharges of cortical neurons resulting sudden, repetitive, event-triggered seizures. Acute central nervous system (CNS) damage as a result of metabolic, toxic, structural, infectious and inflammatory etilogies can cause acute symptomatic seizures. Epilepsy is most common neurologic disorder during childhood and the second most common neurological disorder following cerebrovascular diseases in adults. In the latest International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification in 2010 some of the terms and concepts were changed and epileptic seizures, epilepsies and electroclinical syndromes were reclassified. The diagnosis is supported by some diagnostic tests which guide the treatment. Differential diagnosis includes neurogenic, and cardiogenic syncopes, psychogenic nonepileptic events and other diseases. Accurate diagnosis can lead the way to treatment. The most appropriate antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are begun among the old and new antiepileptic drugs (AED). If AED monotherapy fails the second monotherapy and/or polytherapy are applied. The aim of the treatment is to control the seizures without causing any side effects. According to the ILAE in 2009 drug resistance is defined as inability to control seizures although using the highest AED dose tolerated alone or combination with another AED. In refractory epilepsy surgical treatment, vagal nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation, and ketogenic diet are among the other treatment options.KEYWORDS: Epilepsy, ILAE 2010 classification, antiepileptic drug, drug resistant epilepsy.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
13
Top 10%
Top 10%
Average
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