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a tripling on the algebraic number field

A tripling on the algebraic number field
Authors: Akagawa, Yasumasa;

a tripling on the algebraic number field

Abstract

Let \(\ell\) be a prime number and let n be a power of \(\ell\). Let k be an algebraic number field of finite degree which contains a primitive n-th root of unity \(\zeta_ n\). In the present paper the author defines a tripling symbol \((x,y,z)_ n\in \), which is defined on a subset of \(k^{\times}\times k^{\times}\times k^{\times}\) consisting of the elements called strictly orthogonal, and characterizes the norm group from the bicyclic extension \(k(^ n\sqrt{x},^ n\sqrt{y})\). In the case \(k={\mathbb{Q}}\) and \(n=2\), \textit{Y. Furuta} [Nagoya Math. J. 79, 79- 109 (1980; Zbl 0444.12001), cf. ibid. 93, 61-69 (1984; Zbl 0526.12009)] defined a similar symbol and studied it; though this symbol does not coincide with the above, these are essentially the same if these are defined at the same time. For each prime \({\mathfrak l}\) over (\(\ell)\) in k, fix a local Galois extension \(\Omega^{{\mathfrak l}}/k_{{\mathfrak l}}\) whose Galois group is a free pro-\(\ell\) group, where \(k_{{\mathfrak l}}\) is the completion of k by \({\mathfrak l}\). For \(x,y\in k^{\times}\), x and y are said to be orthogonal if its Hilbert symbol \((\frac{x,y}{{\mathfrak p}})_ n=1\) for every \({\mathfrak p}\). In the case \(\ell >2\), x and y are said to be strictly orthogonal if x and y are orthogonal and satisfy that \(x\in N_{k_{{\mathfrak l}}(^ n\sqrt{y})/k_{{\mathfrak l}}}(k_{{\mathfrak l}}(^ n\sqrt{y})^{\times}\cap (\) \(\Omega^{{\mathfrak l}^{\times}})^ n)\) and \(y\in N_{k_{{\mathfrak l}}(^ n\sqrt{x})/k_{{\mathfrak l}}}(k_{{\mathfrak l}}(^ n\sqrt{x})^{\times}\cap (\) \(\Omega^{{\mathfrak l}^{\times}})^ n)\). In the case \(\ell =2\), the notion of strictly orthogonal is defined similarly but needs some more conditions. Let x,y be \(\ell\)-independent and let x,y,z be pairwise strictly orthogonal. Let S be a set of primes of k containing the prime divisors of (\(\ell xyz)\infty\). Then there exists an element \(a\in k(^ n\sqrt{y})\) such that \(a^{l-\sigma}\equiv x\) mod (k(\({}^ n\sqrt{y})^{\times})^ n\) with some additional properties related to S, where \(\sigma \in Gal(k(^ n\sqrt{y})/k)\) such that \(\sigma\) : \({}^ n\sqrt{y}\mapsto \zeta_ n^ n\sqrt{y}\). Take an ideal \({\mathfrak A}\) of k prime to S such that (a)\(\equiv {\mathfrak A}\) (mod n-th power, mod S) in \(k(^ n\sqrt{y})\). Then \((x,y,z)_ n\) is defined as \((\frac{z}{{\mathfrak A}})_ n :\) n-th power residue symbol in k; which is well defined and depends only on x,y,z mod \((k^{\times})^{n'}\), where \(n'=2n\) or \(n'=n\) according to \(\ell =2\) or not. The main purpose of this paper is to prove the following properties of the symbol: It is multiplicative, admits the conjugacy, has the transgression relation, and has the reciprocity law \((x,y,z)_ n^{- 1}=(y,x,z)_ n=(z,y,x)_ n\) under some conditions only when \(\ell =3\). Further it has the norm theorem saying that \(z\in N_{L/k}L^{\times}\), \(L=k(^ n\sqrt{x},^ n\sqrt{y})\) if and only if \((x,y,z)_ n=1\), under the assumption that \([L_{{\mathfrak P}}:k_{{\mathfrak p}}]\leq n\) for every \({\mathfrak P}| {\mathfrak p}| (\ell)\). As applications, the author also gives conditions that \(\ell\) divides the class number of \(k(^ n\sqrt{x},^ n\sqrt{y})\) for some x,y in the cases \(k={\mathbb{Q}}(\zeta_ 3)\) with \(\ell =3\) and \(k={\mathbb{Q}}(\zeta_ 5)\) with \(\ell =5\).

Related Organizations
Keywords

class number, 12A35, transgression relation, Class field theory; \(p\)-adic formal groups, Galois group, free pro- \(\ell \) group, tripling symbol, 11R18, bicyclic extension, Class field theory, strictly orthogonal, reciprocity law, n-th power residue symbol, 11R37, Cyclotomic extensions, norm group, Hilbert symbol, norm theorem

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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