The article presents some comparative concepts associated with the region of Central Europe. The starting point is the thesis of the failure of the idea of globalization in the comparative studies and of the growing popularity of glocalised regional mythologies. These concepts are divided into two types: an utopian version – which concerns the search for conciliatory historical and cultural vision of this ethnically diverse region, or – a pragmatic one – that constructs political and cultural counterweight to Western and Eastern Europe. The demythologised version combines the two with not affirmative but still common paradigm of research.