Pig production in Croatia is organized on the big farms and small family farms. During the last 10 years there has been a drastic decrease in number of pigs. One of the reasons for this decrease is high production cost. For that reason it is necessary to reorganise pig production and introduce low cost production systems. Basis for this kind of production lies in the tradition and organic production, where most suitable pig breeds are indigenous, such as Black Slavonian and Turopolje pig. Due to its excellent quality the meat from these pig breeds can be used for production of traditional products. Furthermore, they both represent an old genes pool which is necessary to preserve for next generations of breeders and producers. Genetic improvement programmes can serve as tool for improving pig production in specific region. Chosen genotypes should be able to survive environmental stress without decreasing in productivity. Integration of genetic improvement programs should be in accordance with genetic resource and variation in production environments.