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Electro-optic (EO) modulators rely on the interaction of optical and electrical signals with second-order nonlinear media. For the optical signal, this interaction can be strongly enhanced using dielectric slot–waveguide structures that exploit a field discontinuity at the interface between a high-index waveguide core and the low-index EO cladding. In contrast to this, the electrical signal is usually applied through conductive regions in the direct vicinity of the optical waveguide. To avoid excessive optical loss, the conductivity of these regions is maintained at a moderate level, thus leading to inherentRClimitations of the modulation bandwidth. In this paper, we show that these limitations can be overcome by extending the slot–waveguide concept to the modulating radio-frequency (RF) signal. Our device combines an RF slotline that relies onBaTiO3as a high-k dielectric material with a conventional silicon photonic slot waveguide and a highly efficient organic EO cladding material. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we demonstrate a 1 mm long Mach–Zehnder modulator that offers a 3 dB bandwidth of 76 GHz and a 6 dB bandwidth of 110 GHz along with a smallπvoltage of 1.3 V (UπL=1.3Vmm). We further demonstrate the viability of the device in a data-transmission experiment using four-state pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM4) at line rates up to 200 Gbit/s. Our first-generation devices leave vast room for further improvement and may open an attractive route towards highly efficient silicon photonic modulators that combine sub-1 mm device lengths with sub-1 V drive voltages and modulation bandwidths of more than 100 GHz.
ddc:620, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 620, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Engineering & allied operations, info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/620, MAG: Silicon photonics, MAG: Materials science, MAG: Optical communication, MAG: Electro-optic modulator, MAG: Cladding (fiber optics), MAG: Waveguide (optics), MAG: Slot-waveguide, MAG: Modulation, MAG: Optoelectronics, MAG: Radio frequency
ddc:620, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 620, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Engineering & allied operations, info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/620, MAG: Silicon photonics, MAG: Materials science, MAG: Optical communication, MAG: Electro-optic modulator, MAG: Cladding (fiber optics), MAG: Waveguide (optics), MAG: Slot-waveguide, MAG: Modulation, MAG: Optoelectronics, MAG: Radio frequency
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citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 29 | |
popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% | |
influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Top 10% | |
impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% |