We propose and numerically demonstrate a scheme of coherent optical chaos communication using semiconductor lasers for secure transmission of optical quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals. In this scheme, a laser intensity chaos and its delayed duplicate are used to amplitude-quadrature modulate a continuous-wave light to generate a chaotic carrier. High-quality chaotic carrier synchronization between the transmitter and receiver is guaranteed by laser intensity chaos synchronization, avoiding laser phase fluctuation. Decryption is implemented by a 90 deg optical hybrid using the synchronous chaotic carrier as local light. Secure transmission of an optical 40 Gb/s 16QAM signal is demonstrated by using a laser intensity chaos with a bandwidth of 11.7 GHz. The system performances are evaluated by analyzing a bit error ratio with different masking coefficients, signal rates, synchronization coefficients, parameter mismatches, and dispersion compensation. It is believed that this scheme can pave a way for high-speed optical chaos communication.