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Thesis . 2014
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The flapping flight of birds: Analysis and application

Analysis and application
Authors: Thielicke, William;

The flapping flight of birds: Analysis and application

Abstract

De aerodynamica van slagvlucht bij vogels is eigenlijk helemaal niet zo duidelijk en bekend als vaak wordt gedacht, zoals tijdens recente studies aan het licht kwam. De aerodynamische mechanismen tijdens actieve slagvlucht verschillen namelijk behoorlijk van de aerodynamica van bijv. vliegtuigen. Tijdens langzame slagvlucht treden mechanismen op die veel gelijkenis vertonen met insectenvlucht waarvan de slagvlucht zich kenmerkt door relatief hoge opwaartse krachten en grote manoeuvreerbaarheid: Bovenop de vleugels ontwikkelen zich meelopende wervels tijdens iedere vleugelslag. Deze zgn. voorkantwervels maken het insecten en dus ook vogels mogelijk om zeer hoge opwaartse krachten op te wekken. Dergelijke hoge krachten zijn nodig om in de lucht te blijven bij lage snelheid en ook nog nauwkeurig te kunnen manoevreren. Bij de analyses in dit proefschrift is gebruik gemaakt van continue 3D-stromingsmetingen aan modellen van vleugels die de slagvlucht exact nadoen, om zo na te gaan hoe de wervels zich ontwikkelen tijdens een vleugelslag en hoe dat proces beheerst of beïnvloed kan worden. Onze inzichten zijn zowel verklarend als ook zeer geschikt voor toepassingen op bijv. relatief kleine onbemande vliegtuigen: Door de bijzondere aerodynamica tijdens slagvlucht combineren vogels de hoge manoevreerbaarheid van een helicopter met de efficientie van een zweefvliegtuig. Windstunnel-tests met een prototype wat eveneens beide kenmerken combineerde lieten zien dat onbemande kleine vliegtuigen die slagvlucht met zweefvlucht combineren inderdaad hoge manoevreerbaarheid aan hoge aerodynamische efficientie koppelen, precies zoals onze inspiratoren, de vogels. Deze combinatie kan een grote stimulans zijn voor verdere ontwikkleing en toepassing van kleine ombemande vliegtuigen voor velerlei doelen.

It was thought that the aerodynamics of flapping flight in birds is fully understood for quite some time, but recent studies have shown that this is not the case. Bird flight uses aerodynamic mechanisms to generate lift and thrust that differ significantly from conventional aircraft.In slow speed situations, the aerodynamics of bird flight becomes very similar to the highly manoeuvrable flapping flight of insects: Some particular vortices develop on top of the wings while they flap through the air. These vortices (“leading-edge vortices”) enable insects and birds to generate very high and robust forces. Such forces are required for the amazing slow-speed capabilities and the excellent manoeuvrability of birds. This thesis uses time-resolved, three-dimensional measurements of the flow around flapping model wings to determine in detail why these vortices develop and how they can be controlled.These new insights on bird aerodynamics are very promising for an application to small unmanned aircraft: Due to the special aerodynamics of their flapping flight, birds can combine the manoeuvrability of helicopters with the efficiency of sailplanes. A prototype of a flapping wing device was developed to demonstrate that bird flight inspired unmanned aircraft have the potential for combining an exceptional manoeuvrability with outstanding aerodynamic efficiency – just like birds. Such a combination greatly enhances the applicability of small unmanned aircraft.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
6
Top 10%
Average
Average
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