The textbook reveals a problem called "auscultation of the heart". Theoretical issues related to the origin of heart tones and noises are presented, classical and modern interpretations are given with the use of the concept of "Aeolian harp". The necessary characteristics of tones and especially heart murmurs are considered. Using the example of acquired and congenital heart defects, the significance of auscultation of the heart is demonstrated, when a doctor, presenting an auscultative picture of the features of tones and then heart murmurs, can make a diagnosis at the patient's bedside, thereby preserving the currently lost academicism and the art of healing. The publication contains original drawings, as well as phonocardiographic images of heart tones and noises necessary for the didactic process. As an additional explanation of the pathogenesis of heart murmurs, several echocardiographic images are also presented. New information is given on the diagnosis of diseases of internal organs, namely the heart, from the perspective of studying one of the most difficult physical techniques — auscultation of the heart, and in it — heart murmurs. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education in the areas of training 31.05.01 "Medical care", 31.05.02 "Pediatrics", 32.05.01 "Medical and preventive care", the work program on the discipline "Propaedeutics of internal diseases" and is intended for students of 2-3 courses.