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Folia Pharmacologica Japonica
Article . 2007 . Peer-reviewed
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Actin cytoskeleton in dendritic spine

神経細胞樹状突起スパインのアクチン細胞骨格
Authors: Kenji, Hanamura; Tomoaki, Shirao;

Actin cytoskeleton in dendritic spine

Abstract

樹状突起スパインは脳内の主要な興奮性シナプス後部であり,その形態および構成タンパク質の可塑的変化は学習記憶などの高次機能に重要である.スパイン内の構造体としては,シナプス後部肥厚(PSD)とアクチン細胞骨格があり,スパインの形態変化は主にアクチン細胞骨格により制御されている.スパイン内ではその頭部と頸部でアクチン線維の構造が異なることに加えて,頭部の中でもシナプス直下のPSD近傍と細胞質の中心領域でアクチン結合タンパク質の分布が異なる.したがって,スパインは3種類の性質の異なるアクチン細胞骨格によって構成されていると考えられる.アクチンを脱重合させると,多くのスパイン構成タンパク質の局在が不安定化し,スパイン形態もフィロポディア様に変化する.従って,アクチン細胞骨格がスパイン形態の形成,安定化に必須であることがわかる.発達過程におけるアクチン細胞骨格の変化に関しては,スパインの前駆体であるフィロポディア内で,アクチン結合タンパク質ドレブリン依存的にアクチン線維が集積することがわかっている.この集積はその後のPSD95の集積やスパインの形態形成の制御に促進的に働く.成熟スパイン内においてもアクチン線維やドレブリン,プロフィリンをはじめとするアクチン結合タンパク質の量が神経活動依存的に増減することが知られており,アクチン結合タンパク質の構成変化がスパインの形態やその可塑的変化を制御する基盤と考えられる.実際,アクチン結合タンパク質に変異を導入した遺伝子変換動物では,シナプス伝達効率の可塑的変化に異常をきたすことが報告されている.スパインの形態形成とアクチン細胞骨格の異常は認知機能の異常を伴うヒト脳の疾患でも数多く知られており,その制御機構の解明は急務である.

Keywords

Neuronal Plasticity, Dendritic Spines, Brain, Humans, Actins, Cytoskeleton, Ultrasonography

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
bronze