5 See Downey (1961), 35-44. This is the case generally for northern Syria in the Hellenistic period. See Millar (2006), 29; Cohen (2006), 3-13.

6 For information about current work on the original publications at Antioch, see http://antioch.princeton.edu.

7 Survey projects include the Amuq Valley Regional Projects (AVRP) and the Orontes Delta Archaeological Project. See Leblanc and Poccardi (1999), 91-126; Casana (2003); Pamir (2012), 259-270.

8 According to the estimations of T. B. Jones, over 530 eastern cities, leagues, and kingdoms issued coins at some point during the Roman imperial period (Jones (1963), 310).

47 Houghton (2002), 354-55; Aperghis (2004), 235-36, 245; see Mørkholm (1984), 93-97; Duyrat (2015), 375.

48 Seyrig (1955), 101-04. See Raschke (1978), 604-1361; Young (2001).

49 Antioch minted silver denarii for the central Roman state under Vespasian, Titus (see Tacitus (Hist. 2.82)) and Hadrian. As these issues had an express military purpose, it is possible that these coins were shipped outside Syria and then reabsorbed by the imperial government to produce newer issues. See Butcher (2004), 95-98.

50 See Butcher (1996), 101-09.

57 In the second and third centuries an increasing number of cities issued coins in celebration of their own mythological foundations, civic cults, and honorific titles (see Millar (2006), 120-25). The finds from Cilicia and Cappadocia are the first relatively substantive body of coins from these territories to appear in the Roman imperial assemblage. This is somewhat surprising, because of the proximity of these regions to Syria and the common traffic passing through them. Then again, it may be that either denominational or political restraints limited the movement of these coins. The general rarity of coins from Cilicia and Asia Minor in the northern Levant would suggest that whatever the political, geographic, or economic ties between the two regions, these coins did not circulate in Roman Syria. Cappadocian bronze coins more commonly appear than silver, but also not in extensive quantities within Syria; they too did not likely circulate within the Levant. See Butcher (2004), 176-77.

58 The late antique finds are still weighted towards the mints of the eastern Mediterranean, such as those in Asia Minor and at Alexandria. However, much like the pattern of late antique finds of Antiochene coins mentioned above, the geographi - cal span reflects one way in which Antioch had transitioned into a fully integrated part of the empire.