Construction techniques used in making gourd rattles for the Kiowa Tia Piah Society (a hereditary warrior society) are examined. As a member of the Memphis Tia Piah Society (a clan of gourd dancers which can trace its foundation to the Kiowa nation), this writer has been privileged to observe firsthand many of the current customs. Tribal elders, headmen, and friends have provided much information about those ancient customs from which these are derived. This work draws upon both written and oral tradition as well as research done as a participant–observer for a number of years. A brief history of the Kiowa Tia Piah Society is provided. Gourd rattles in their various forms are some of the oldest musical instruments found on the Great Plains of North America. Currently, gourds are made from traditional bottle gourds, small tin cans, large (military) salt shakers, and metal tea balls. An anthropological emic model has been followed throughout. [Work supported by LECAPSR.]