Externalizing Problem Behavior in Adolescence: Parenting Interacting With DAT1 and DRD4 Genes
Copyright policy )Externalizing Problem Behavior in Adolescence: Parenting Interacting With DAT1 and DRD4 Genes
This study extends previous gene‐by‐environment (G × E) research through design and methodological advances and examines alternative hypotheses of diathesis stress, vantage sensitivity, and differential susceptibility. In a sample of 984 adolescents and their parents, we examined whether effects of parental support, proactive, punitive, harsh punitive, and psychological control on externalizing problem behavior are moderated by adolescents' genotype for the dopamine transporter (DAT1) or receptor D4 (DRD4) gene. Results provided evidence for main effects of parenting behavior and DRD4, and multiple interaction effects of which one survived Bonferroni correction. Adolescents carrying a long DRD4 variant were more susceptible to the effects of parental proactive control on aggression, for better and for worse. Critical considerations were made regarding the complexity of G × E research.
- KU Leuven Belgium
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Belgium
CANDIDATE GENE, Adult, Male, Parents, DEFICIENCY SYNDROME RDS, Adolescent, Substance-Related Disorders, 1607 Social Work, Social Sciences, Psychology, Developmental, Developmental & Child Psychology, Family Studies, DIFFERENTIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY, INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES, RECEPTOR D4, MOLECULAR-GENETICS, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psychology, Humans, Parent-Child Relations, Internal-External Control, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Parenting, PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTROL, Receptors, Dopamine D4, 5201 Applied and developmental psychology, DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER GENE, PHYSICAL DISCIPLINE, 5203 Clinical and health psychology, 5205 Social and personality psychology, ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION, 1701 Psychology, Adolescent Behavior, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Regression Analysis, Female
CANDIDATE GENE, Adult, Male, Parents, DEFICIENCY SYNDROME RDS, Adolescent, Substance-Related Disorders, 1607 Social Work, Social Sciences, Psychology, Developmental, Developmental & Child Psychology, Family Studies, DIFFERENTIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY, INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES, RECEPTOR D4, MOLECULAR-GENETICS, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psychology, Humans, Parent-Child Relations, Internal-External Control, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Parenting, PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTROL, Receptors, Dopamine D4, 5201 Applied and developmental psychology, DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER GENE, PHYSICAL DISCIPLINE, 5203 Clinical and health psychology, 5205 Social and personality psychology, ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION, 1701 Psychology, Adolescent Behavior, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Regression Analysis, Female
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