
pmid: 7841858
AbstractOpiate withdrawal is one of the longest studied and most well described withdrawal syndromes. Opiate withdrawal has been described as akin to a moderate to severe flu‐like illness. Opiate withdrawal is appropriately described as subjectively severe but objectively mild. This paper describes the mechanisms of opiate dependence and opiate withdrawal and reviews the available instruments for the measurement of withdrawal. The time course of assisted and unassisted withdrawal is described and the range of options for the management of assisted withdrawal are described. This review concludes that the most effective and least time‐ and resource‐consuming approach to opiate withdrawal will substantially contribute to the overall social management of opiate dependence.
Motivation, Naloxone, Narcotic Antagonists, Conditioning, Classical, Brain, Opioid-Related Disorders, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Receptors, Opioid, Animals, Humans, Substance Abuse Treatment Centers, Methadone
Motivation, Naloxone, Narcotic Antagonists, Conditioning, Classical, Brain, Opioid-Related Disorders, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Receptors, Opioid, Animals, Humans, Substance Abuse Treatment Centers, Methadone
| citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 113 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Top 10% | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% |
