There are several reviews on NO and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and their role in vascular diseases in the current relevant literature. The aim of this review is to discuss, within the limits of present knowledge, the interconnection between these two gasotransmitters in vascular function. In particular, the review focuses on the role played by the balance between the NO and H2S pathways in either physiological or pathological conditions. The distinction between physiology and pathology has been made in order to dissect the molecular basis of this crosstalk, highlighting how and if this balance varies, depending upon the vascular status. Perspectives and possible novel therapeutic approaches are also discussed.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Targeting Inflammation to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk. To view the other articles in this section visithttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.22/issuetocandhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bcp.v82.4/issuetoc