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The supermarket game

Authors: Xu, Jiaming; Hajek, Bruce;

The supermarket game

Abstract

A supermarket game is considered with N FCFS queues with unit exponential service rate and global Poisson arrival rate Nλ. Upon arrival each customer chooses a number of queues to be sampled uniformly at random and joins the least loaded sampled queue. Customers are assumed to have cost for both waiting and sampling, and they want to minimize their own expected total cost. We study the supermarket game in a mean field model that corresponds to the limit as N converges to infinity in the sense that (i) for a fixed symmetric customer strategy, the joint equilibrium distribution of any fixed number of queues converges as N → ∞ to a product distribution determined by the mean field model and (ii) a Nash equilibrium for the mean field model is an ε-Nash equilibrium for the finite N model with N sufficiently large. It is shown that there always exists a Nash equilibrium for λ < 1 and the Nash equilibrium is unique with homogeneous waiting cost for [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, we find that the action of sampling more queues by some customers has a positive externality on the other customers in the mean field model, but can have a negative externality for finite N.

Keywords

FOS: Computer and information sciences, externality, T57-57.97, Applied mathematics. Quantitative methods, Computer Science - Information Theory, Information Theory (cs.IT), Interacting random processes; statistical mechanics type models; percolation theory, QA273-280, Queueing theory (aspects of probability theory), Nash equilibrium, Other game-theoretic models, queueing, 60K35, 91A40, Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory, 60K25, mean field model, supermarket game, Mean field model, Queues and service in operations research, Probabilities. Mathematical statistics, Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
24
Top 10%
Top 10%
Average
Green
gold