Although the generation of a distinctive metabolic profile is a well-known aspect of cancer, the significance of these adaptations and their potential for exploitation for anticancer therapy has not been fully appreciated until recently. Many oncogenic changes known to affect intracellular signaling pathways play an active role in mediating these metabolic changes, which, in turn, function to support cancer cell growth and replication. In this chapter, we discuss the most current findings in cancer cell metabolism in terms of their impact on tumor cell growth as well as their potential for identifying new targets for therapeutic intervention.