This in vivo study investigated the genotoxicity of two dental bonding agents: Adper Single Bond Plus and Prime&Bond 2.1. The somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster was applied to analyse their genotoxicity expressed as homologous mitotic recombination, as well as point and chromosomal mutation. SMART detects the loss of heterozygosity of marker genes expressed phenotypically on the fly's wings. This fruit fly has extensive genetic homology to mammals, which makes it a suitable model organism for genotoxic investigations. Adper Single Bond Plus induced statistically significant increases in the frequency of total spots at the highest concentration tested, while Prime&Bond 2.1 was positive at all concentrations tested. The mechanistic basis underlying the genotoxicity of Adper Single Bond Plus relies on mitotic recombination alone, and was different from that of Prime&Bond 2.1, which showed evidence of the contribution of both recombination and mutational events. These findings indicate that both adhesives are inducers of toxic-genetic events, with the mitotic recombination being the main mechanism of action. The clinical significance of these observations has to be interpreted with data obtained in other bioassays.