FIVE years ago I completed the manuscript that was published as Bureaucracy and Representative Government.2 This book-an attempt to match a now conventional theory of the demand for government services in a representative government with a new theory of bureaucratic supplyprovoked a minor stir, some misunderstanding, and some useful subsequent research. This paper summarizes my reflections on this book and the findings of several empirical studies that bear on some of its conjectures. These reflections, like the perspectives of the book, are based on a combination of personal experience, the comments and contributions of others, and the available empirical studies.3 Part I of this paper outlines several suggested modifications to my earlier theory of bureaucracy and representative government. Part II summarizes a set of relevant empirical findings.