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</script>The extensive use of fluconazole (FLC) and other azole drugs has caused the emergence and rise of azole-resistant fungi. The fungistatic nature of FLC in combination with toxicity concerns have resulted in an increased demand for new azole antifungal agents. Herein, we report the synthesis and antifungal activity of novel alkylated piperazines and alkylated piperazine-azole hybrids, their time-kill studies, their hemolytic activity against murine erythrocytes, as well as their cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. Many of these molecules exhibited broad-spectrum activity against all tested fungal strains, with excellent minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against non-albicans Candida and Aspergillus strains. The most promising compounds were found to be less hemolytic than the FDA-approved antifungal agent voriconazole (VOR). Finally, we demonstrate that the synthetic alkylated piperazine-azole hybrids do not function by fungal membrane disruption, but instead by disruption of the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway via inhibition of the 14α-demethylase enzyme present in fungal cells.
Azoles, Antifungal Agents, Alkylation, Protein Conformation, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Hemolysis, Piperazines, Cell Line, Molecular Docking Simulation, Mice, Sterol 14-Demethylase, Aspergillus, 14-alpha Demethylase Inhibitors, Candida albicans, Animals, Humans
Azoles, Antifungal Agents, Alkylation, Protein Conformation, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Hemolysis, Piperazines, Cell Line, Molecular Docking Simulation, Mice, Sterol 14-Demethylase, Aspergillus, 14-alpha Demethylase Inhibitors, Candida albicans, Animals, Humans
| citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 84 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 1% | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Top 10% | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% |
