Vocal cord dysfunction, also called paradoxical vocal cord motion, is a common mimicker of asthma, allergies, and severe upper airways obstruction with consequent misdiagnosis and mismanagement, and is frequently overlooked. Unfortunately, there is no unified understanding of this disorder, nor is there any consensus on its evaluation, etiology, or treatment. This article reviews the literature regarding the pathophysiology, causes, diagnosis, and treatment for this common disorder.