
Resumen La leishmaniasis visceral o kala-azar es una zoonosis que, aunque poco frecuente, es endemica en nuestro medio, y cuya incidencia ha experimentado un aumento notable. La gravedad del pronostico sin tratamiento hace que deba considerarse como diagnostico en pacientes con fiebre de origen desconocido, pancitopenia y refractario a los tratamientos antibioticos empiricos habituales. El presente caso es de relevancia por la manifestacion brusca de la infeccion, con un cuadro grave, en el puerperio precoz, en una paciente sin factores de riesgo para su contagio y sin haber presentado sintomas durante la gestacion. El diagnostico es fundamentalmente clinico y el tratamiento ha de instaurarse lo antes posible, ya que la confirmacion mediante pruebas diagnosticas suele demorarse demasiado.
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