
ResumenObjetivosEl objetivo principal es describir las técnicas y condiciones en que se usan los diferentes biomateriales para los procedimientos de aumento del seno maxilar en implantes oseointegrados inmediatos o diferidos.MétodoSe realizó una búsqueda electrónica de textos completos desde el año 2010 hasta el 15 de agosto del 2014, y que respondieran la pregunta de investigación, utilizando diferentes buscadores y una manual en las revistas científicas de periodoncia. Se determinó el nivel de evidencia, calidad de reporte, sesgos de la literatura analizada y aspectos éticos.ResultadosSe seleccionaron 17 estudios, 4 revisiones sistemáticas y 13 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Diez estudios comparaban los diferentes biomateriales disponibles entre sí, y no encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la nueva formación ósea. Un estudio examinaba la opción de no utilizar un biomaterial en el aumento de senos maxilares. Seis estudios indicaban que el uso de biomateriales adicionales no era significativo. Tres estudios concluyeron que no existían diferencias significativas entre uno o 2 tiempos quirúrgicos para realizar los procedimientos. Tres estudios comparaban la técnica quirúrgica de ventana lateral con la técnica indirecta, sin encontrar diferencias estadísticamente significativas, pero sí se asocia a un menor número de complicaciones a la técnica indirecta, especialmente al estar acompañada de la instalación de implantes cortos.ConclusionesNo se describen diferencias entre los diferentes biomateriales utilizados en procedimientos de aumento de senos maxilares. El uso de biomateriales adicionales pareciera no ofrecer beneficios medibles al tratamiento. La técnica quirúrgica indirecta puede ser asociada a un menor número de complicaciones. Son necesarios más estudios de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, con tamaños de muestra mayores, variables controladas y seguimientos a largo plazo para establecer conclusiones.AbstractObjectivesThe main objective is to describe the techniques and conditions in which the various biomaterials are used for sinus augmentation procedures for immediate or delayed osseointegrated implants.MethodAn electronic search was conducted looking for papers published from 2010 to 15 August 2014 to answer the research question. Several search engines were used as well as a manual on scientific journals of periodontics. The level of evidence, quality reporting, biases of the analysed literature, and ethical aspects were determined.ResultsA total of 17 studies were selected, of which 4 were systematic reviews, and 13 were randomised trials. Ten different trials compared the available biomaterials with each other, and found no statistically significant differences in new bone formation. One study examined the option of not using biomaterials in the procedures. Six studies indicated that the use of additional biomaterials was not significant. Three studies concluded that there were no significant differences between 1 and 2 surgical times. Three studies compared the surgical technique of lateral window with the indirect technique, with no statistically significant differences, but the indirect technique was associated with fewer complications, especially when accompanied by the installation of short implants.ConclusionsNo differences between different biomaterials used in augmentation procedures for maxillary sinuses were described. The use of additional biomaterials does not seem to offer measurable benefits to the treatment. The indirect surgical technique may be associated with fewer complications. Further studies of randomised clinical trials, with larger sample sizes, controlled variables, and long term monitoring are needed to draw stronger conclusions.
Aumentos de piso de seno, Biomaterials, Implantes dentales, Materiales biocompatibles, Sinus augmentation, Dental implants, Aumento sinusal, Biocompatible materials, Biomateriales, Sinus floor augmentation
Aumentos de piso de seno, Biomaterials, Implantes dentales, Materiales biocompatibles, Sinus augmentation, Dental implants, Aumento sinusal, Biocompatible materials, Biomateriales, Sinus floor augmentation
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