Introduction: The incidence of infections has decreased in kidney transplant (KT) recipients owing to advances in the surgical techniques and clinical management of this population. Nevertheless, these complications continue to occur and the causes seem to be changing, in part because of the prophylactic strategies used. Method: Prospective, observational study investigating infections occurring during the first 2 years post-transplantation in KT recipients who underwent surgery between July 2003 and December 2005 at %