The microvascular complications of diabetes are serious, and can be life threatening. They involve injury to the blood vessels in the retina, kidney, nervous system, gingiva, and skin. Controlling the risk factors for microvascular complications involves controlling glucose level, blood pressure, and lipids, along with healthy lifestyle changes. Early identification of these complications can promote early interventions and prevent of slow progression of these diseases. Nurses can play a major role through patient care and self-management education.