The purpose was to evaluate three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging with contrast (3D-CEMRI) in displaying peripheral oculomotor nerve (PON) and diagnosing peripheral oculomotor nerve diseases (POND).The MRI findings of 80 patients with POND were reviewed and compared with digital subtraction angiography (DSA), operative or pathological results, and final clinical diagnosis.Twenty-three aneurysms (23/26) confirmed by DSA were detected with Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA). Twenty-five inflammatory lesions, 14 malignant lesions, and 5 benign lesions involving PON were shown with 3D-CEMRI corresponding with clinical diagnosis and pathology. Another 13 (13/80, 16.03%) cases were negative on MRI.3D-CEMRI with MRA could show and diagnose the majority of the diseases involving PON.