Publisher Summary This chapter analyzes various aspects of Cherenkov radiation. Cherenkov radiation consists of a continuous spectrum of wavelengths extending from the near UV region to the visible part of the spectrum, peaking at approximately 420 nm. The Cherenkov photon emission is the result of local polarization along the path of travel of a charged particle with the emission of electromagnetic radiation while polarized molecules return to their original states. The production of Cherenkov photons by a charged particle traveling in a transparent medium at a speed exceeding that of light in the medium is depicted as a conical wave front in a two-dimensional diagram in the chapter. The chapter also discusses the Cherenkov effect, which is the result of a physical disturbance caused by the high-energy charged particle along its path of travel resulting in a directional anisotropic emission of light. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the threshold condition for the production of Cherenkov radiation in a transparent medium.