Anisakiasis is a disease caused by human infection with larval roundworms belonging to the family Anisakidae. The two species most often associated with anisakiasis are Anisakis simplex and Pseudoterranova decipiens. Humans are accidental hosts, who usually become infected by eating raw or undercooked fishes that contain larval worms. Worms may penetrate the gastric or intestinal mucosa, and may also produce a strong allergic response. Anisakiasis occurs throughout the world, with foci in North Asia and West Europe. Control measures focus on postharvest handling, storage, and cooking procedures for fish, although it is not clear if these measures are sufficient to prevent an allergic response.