Abstract Chronic ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint is discussed from the standpoint of incidence, etiology, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment. Complete excision of the condyle head under local anesthesia, whenever possible, is the preferable method of treatment. An auricular incision provides adequate access to the joint and gives the best cosmetic results. Bilateral cases should be done in two operative procedures with an interval of at least one month between operations.