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On a Four-Valued Logic of Formal Inconsistency and Formal Undeterminedness

On a four-valued logic of formal inconsistency and formal undeterminedness
Authors: Marcelo E. Coniglio; G. T. Gomez-Pereira; Martín Figallo;

On a Four-Valued Logic of Formal Inconsistency and Formal Undeterminedness

Abstract

Belnap-Dunn's relevance logic, BD, was designed seeking a suitable logical device for dealing with multiple information sources which sometimes may provide inconsistent and/or incomplete pieces of information. BD is a four-valued logic which is both paraconsistent and paracomplete. On the other hand, De and Omori while investigating what classical negation amounts to in a paracomplete and paraconsistent four-valued setting, proposed the expansion BD2 of the four valued Belnap-Dunn logic by a classical negation. In this paper, we reintroduce the logic BD2 by means of a primitive weak consistency operator $©$. This approach allows us to state in a direct way that this is not only a Logic of Formal Inconsistency (LFI) but also a Logic of Formal Underterminedness (LFU). After presenting a natural Hilbert-style characterization of BD2 obtained by means of twist-structures semantics, we propose a first-order version of BD2 called QBD2, with semantics based on an appropriate notion of partial structures. We show that in QBD2, $\exists$ and $\forall$ are interdefinable in terms of the paracomplete and paraconsistent negation, and not by means of the the classical negation. Finally, a Hilbert-style calculus for QBD2 is presented, proving the corresponding and soundness and completeness theorems.

29 pages

Keywords

Paraconsistent logics, 03B53, 03B50, Substructural logics (including relevance, entailment, linear logic, Lambek calculus, BCK and BCI logics), logics of formal inconsistency, Mathematics - Logic, Belnap-Dunn logic, logics of formal undeterminedness, Many-valued logic, FOS: Mathematics, twist structures, Logic (math.LO), first-order logic

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
Green