The role of ovarian hormones in endometrial carcinoma was first suspected on the basis of observations of certain endocrine disorders, e.g. polycystic ovary syndrome and hormone secreting ovarian tumors1,2. Recently postmenopausal estrogen therapy became the center of controversy on possible endometrial carcinogenicity3–50. The possible effect of oral contraceptives in causing uterine cancer became equally debated42, 51–59 Several other risk factors have been recognized, including diabetes, hypertension, obesity (possibly because of altered metabolism of steroids), advanced age, nulliparity, delayed menopause, lack of progesterone and family history of uterine cancer or other cancer60–66.