This chapter provides a brief history of ocean literacy and the Ocean Literacy Framework, beginning in the United States and expanding around the world. With connections to the “big ideas” in science, geography, and United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14, the authors illustrate how the one world ocean transcends both disciplinary and geographical boundaries. Simultaneously, a global campaign reaching beyond such limits has many inherent challenges including communication, cultural relevance, evaluation, education, and funding. The authors acknowledge these limitations but also suggest opportunities and recommendations for a more unified transdisciplinary approach culminating in improved communication and ocean-literate citizens across the globe.