The Andes Cordillera strongly determines Chile’s biophysical conditions. Spanning the entire length of the country, this mountain range’s interaction with the atmosphere dominates regional hydroclimates, from the high-plateau fed groundwater systems in the country’s arid north, through the snow-dominated catchments in the Mediterranean central region, to the temperate rain-forests and glacial environments of Chile’s Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. This chapter offers an overview of the cryosphere (that is, pertaining to snow and ice) conditions in the country and their influence on hydrological systems. We cover aspects of the Chilean cryosphere’s spatial distribution and temporal variability, physical characteristics and dynamics, and provide an overview of the most recent estimates of projected future conditions under climate change.