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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Caltech Authors (Cal...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-...
Part of book or chapter of book . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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Gravitational lens optics

Authors: Blandford, R. D.;

Gravitational lens optics

Abstract

Recently, interest in gravitational lenses has expanded to include the study of the images of extended sources such as galaxies as well as of those of unresolved point sources like quasars. The giant luminous arcs associated with the rich clusters Abell 370, Cl2244-02, and Abell 963, together with the ring radio source MG1131+0456, are now widely believed to be gravitationally imaged. Some simple geometrical ways to understand the formation of extended images are described in this article. It is explained how the image shape is controlled by the location of the source relative to the caustic surfaces formed by the lens. Multiply-imaged extended sources generally create larger magnifications and furnish more information about the gravitational potential of the lens than do multiply-imaged point sources. A simple iterative method for deriving the source structure is described and some preliminary results for MG1131+0456 are exhibited. Future observational prospects are briefly discussed. ; © 1989 Springer-Verlag. I thank my collaborators, C. Kochanek, I. Kovner, C. Lawrence, R. Narayan, S. Phinney, and G. Soucail for many discussions on these and related topics. I am indebted to J. Moran for helpful editorial suggestions. Support by the National Science Foundation under NSF grant AST86-15325, the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation, and the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics is gratefully acknowledged.

Keywords

Hubble Space Telescope, Critical Curve, Radio Source, Source Plane, 530, 520, Extended Source

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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