GLIM Criteria for the Diagnosis of Malnutrition: A Consensus Report From the Global Clinical Nutrition Community
Copyright policy )GLIM Criteria for the Diagnosis of Malnutrition: A Consensus Report From the Global Clinical Nutrition Community
AbstractBackgroundThis initiative aims to build a global consensus around core diagnostic criteria for malnutrition in adults in clinical settings.MethodsThe Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) was convened by several of the major global clinical nutrition societies. Empirical consensus was reached through a series of face‐to‐face meetings, telephone conferences, and e‐mail communications.ResultsA 2‐step approach for the malnutrition diagnosis was selected, that is, first screening to identify at risk status by the use of any validated screening tool, and second, assessment for diagnosis and grading the severity of malnutrition. The malnutrition criteria for consideration were retrieved from existing approaches for screening and assessment. Potential criteria were subjected to a ballot among GLIM participants that selected 3 phenotypic criteria (non‐volitional weight loss, low body mass index, and reduced muscle mass) and 2 etiologic criteria (reduced food intake or assimilation, and inflammation or disease burden). To diagnose malnutrition at least 1 phenotypic criterion and 1 etiologic criterion should be present. Phenotypic metrics for grading severity are proposed. It is recommended that the etiologic criteria be used to guide intervention and anticipated outcomes. The recommended approach supports classification of malnutrition into four etiology‐related diagnosis categories.ConclusionsA consensus scheme for diagnosing malnutrition in adults in clinical settings on a global scale is proposed. Next steps are to secure endorsements from leading nutrition professional societies, to identify overlaps with syndromes like cachexia and sarcopenia, and to promote dissemination, validation studies, and feedback. The construct should be re‐considered every 3–5 years.
- THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY United States
- Brigham and Women's Hospital United States
- Central University of Venezuela Venezuela
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil
- Amsterdam UMC Netherlands
Male, Sarcopenia, Cachexia, Internationality, Assessment; Diagnosis; Malnutrition; Screening, diagnosis, Physiology, assessment, Medicine (miscellaneous), Hygiène et médecine sportives, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, FOS: Health sciences, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Global Health, Pediatrics, Body Mass Index, Immunonutrition, Eating, Assessment; Diagnosis; Malnutrition; Screening; Orthopedics and Sports Medicine; Physiology (medical), Engineering, 03 Salud y bienestar, Diagnosis, Nutrition and Dietetic, Pathology, Mass Screening, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Internal medicine, 05 Gender Equality, Public health, Nutrition and Dietetics, Muscles, Grading (engineering), Middle Aged, 02 Zero Hunger, diagnosi, Phenotype, Orthopédie, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Screening, Medicine, Female, 05 Igualdad de género, Medicina y salud, Consensus conference, Diagnosi, Adult, Societies, Scientific, Consensus, Biotechnologie, Global health, 610, Nutritional Status, GLIM Core Leadership Committee, Evaluación nutriciona, malnutrition, Nursing, Assessment, Physiology (medical), Frailty in Older Adults and Geriatric Care, 616, Weight Loss, Health Sciences, Humans, Intensive care medicine, Civil engineering, Sarcopenia: Definition, Diagnosis, and Implications, Aged, Desnutrición -Diagnóstico, screening, Assessment; Diagnosis; Malnutrition; Screening; Nutrition and Dietetics; Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, QM1-695, Malnutrition, 02 Hambre cero, lNutrición - Estadísticas, Original Articles, Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy, Leadership, assessment; diagnosis; malnutrition; screening; Medicine (miscellaneous); Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutrition Assessment, RC925-935, FOS: Biological sciences, GLIM Working Group, Human anatomy, 03 Good Health and Well-being, Geriatrics and Gerontology, FOS: Civil engineering
Male, Sarcopenia, Cachexia, Internationality, Assessment; Diagnosis; Malnutrition; Screening, diagnosis, Physiology, assessment, Medicine (miscellaneous), Hygiène et médecine sportives, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, FOS: Health sciences, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Global Health, Pediatrics, Body Mass Index, Immunonutrition, Eating, Assessment; Diagnosis; Malnutrition; Screening; Orthopedics and Sports Medicine; Physiology (medical), Engineering, 03 Salud y bienestar, Diagnosis, Nutrition and Dietetic, Pathology, Mass Screening, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Internal medicine, 05 Gender Equality, Public health, Nutrition and Dietetics, Muscles, Grading (engineering), Middle Aged, 02 Zero Hunger, diagnosi, Phenotype, Orthopédie, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Screening, Medicine, Female, 05 Igualdad de género, Medicina y salud, Consensus conference, Diagnosi, Adult, Societies, Scientific, Consensus, Biotechnologie, Global health, 610, Nutritional Status, GLIM Core Leadership Committee, Evaluación nutriciona, malnutrition, Nursing, Assessment, Physiology (medical), Frailty in Older Adults and Geriatric Care, 616, Weight Loss, Health Sciences, Humans, Intensive care medicine, Civil engineering, Sarcopenia: Definition, Diagnosis, and Implications, Aged, Desnutrición -Diagnóstico, screening, Assessment; Diagnosis; Malnutrition; Screening; Nutrition and Dietetics; Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, QM1-695, Malnutrition, 02 Hambre cero, lNutrición - Estadísticas, Original Articles, Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy, Leadership, assessment; diagnosis; malnutrition; screening; Medicine (miscellaneous); Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutrition Assessment, RC925-935, FOS: Biological sciences, GLIM Working Group, Human anatomy, 03 Good Health and Well-being, Geriatrics and Gerontology, FOS: Civil engineering
selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources.This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).3K popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Top 0.01% influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Top 0.01% impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Top 0.01%
Citations provided by BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!