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Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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Return stroke current reflections in rocket‐triggered lightning

Authors: J. A. Caicedo; C. Biagi; M. A. Uman; D. M. Jordan; B. Hare;

Return stroke current reflections in rocket‐triggered lightning

Abstract

AbstractTen upward propagating return stroke currents in eight triggered lightning flashes have been observed to reflect downward from 140 to 300 m altitude by way of measurements of the channel base current, close electric field and electric field derivative, and high‐speed video. The current reflections appear as dips in the measured channel base current and in the electric fields and as bipolar pulses in the electric field derivative waveforms. The current dips occur 2.7 to 13.9 μs after the initiation of the return stroke current at ground. The observed phenomenon results from a portion of the upward propagating return stroke current wave being reflected from a channel impedance discontinuity apparently associated with an isolated section of unexploded triggering wire, as inferred from high‐speed video records. A transmission line model is used to model the close electric field and electric field derivative of the postulated initial and reflected current waves, starting with the measured channel base current, and the results are compared favorably with measurements made at 92 to 326 m. From the measured time between the return stroke current initiation at the ground and the time the current reflection reaches the channel base and produces the current dip, along with the reflection height inferred from the video records, we find the average of the upward and downward reflected return stroke current speed for each of the 10 strokes to be between 0.81 and 2.06 × 108 m s−1.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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bronze