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“The First Temple in the World” Status Legitimacy Problems: Göbekli Tepe in Scientific Discussions of the Last Two Decades

“The First Temple in the World” Status Legitimacy Problems: Göbekli Tepe in Scientific Discussions of the Last Two Decades

Abstract

For more than two decades, Göbekli Tepe – the Pre-Pottery Neolithic era architectural complex of Transcaucasian Anatolia – has been referred to as the “First Temple in the World”. Not all scholars agree with this assertion, questioning the theses of the excavation authors. In this essay, we attempt to examine the validity of the arguments from both sides (after all, criticism can sometimes be “short-sighted”). So, do the refined data indeed refute Klaus Schmidt’s revolutionary observations? Can we, considering all the currently available evidence, question the new theses that themselves challenge previous assertions? And how deep is the chasm between our perception of the status of “residence” and “sanctuary” regarding the oldest artificial stationary structures? Attempting to answer all these questions is the aim of this essay.We are discussing the angle of cultural prehistory, human reactions to upheavals, and the worldview transformations that must have occurred among the settled hunter-gatherers of the early Holocene. Comparative analyses of the settlements and structures in the Taş Tepeler region demonstrate dialecticism – on one hand, a specific variety of details, and on the other, clear trends indicating that the circular enclosures of Göbekli Tepe could not have been domestic dwellings. Despite the reasonable and well-argued remarks of E. Banning, it seems that M. Kinzel and L. Clare are closer to the truth when they argue that what we are looking at is unlikely to be a complete temple complex. However, the central part of the Potbelly Hill is clearly occupied by the so-called “special structures,” which are actually both “Theaters of memory” and a kind of “island” of relative stone permanence amidst the constantly renewed clay houses.It is currently difficult for us to comprehend all aspects of the reverence or hierophany experienced by early Neolithic people during the mysteries held within such enclosures. It seems that due to the new findings from the Stone Hills region, specific temenological discourse of Göbekli Tepe only strengthens. Nevertheless, the accumulated factual material over this period forces us to look at this monument from a noticeably different perspective. The discussion has only just begun in earnest.

Визначення Ґьобеклі-Тепе, архітектурного комплексу анатолійського Закавказзя докерамічної доби, як «першого у світі храму» викликало дискусію, що триває вже понад двадцять років. Далеко не всі фахівці згодні з таким твердженням, ставлячи під сумнів тези авторів розкопок. У цій статті зроблено спробу розібратися в аргументованості висновків обох сторін. Адже і критика подеколи може бути «короткозорою». Накопичений за цей час фактаж змушує дивитися на пам’ятку під відчутно інакшим кутом.Озвучена проблематика не є суто археологічною, хоч і звертається до конкретних старожитностей. Ідеться про ракурс культуральної преісторії, про людську реакцію на потрясіння, про світоглядні трансформації, що мали відбуватися в осілих мисливців-збирачів раннього голоцену, та втілення їх у монументальних спорудах поселень регіону Таш Тепелер.

Keywords

культурні проблеми, общинні ритуали, archaeological monuments, теменологія, старожитності, соціокультурні трансформації, sanctuaries, antiquities, релігія, Göbekli Tepe, special structures, monumental architecture, cultural prehistory, communal rituals, Pre-Pottery Neolithic, історична культурологія, святилища, sociocultural transformations, culturology, особливі споруди, сакральне, образність, докерамічний неоліт, temenology, археологічні пам’ятки, Ґьобеклі-Тепе, religion, монументальна архітектура, imagery, sacred

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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