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SEGMENTS OF PUBLIC POLICY IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE DURING THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL REVOLUTION (1917-1920)

SEGMENTS OF PUBLIC POLICY IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE DURING THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL REVOLUTION (1917-1920)

Abstract

The article analyzes the segments of public policy in the field of education and science during the Ukrainian National Revolution. It was found out that the main principles that professed the public-state nature of education were laid down by the Ukrainian governments of 1917–1920 at the basis of national education concept. The above principles served as the methodological guidelines for the organization of the national school and have not lost their value even today. It was in the concept of building education that political, cultural and public figures gave an important role to the formation of national higher humanitarian and natural education. The first place was the creation of Ukrainian humanitarian higher educational institutions and, first of all, universities, because higher education, like no other, was the most russified and, besides, there was a low percentage of Ukrainians among the student body. The peculiarities of the public policy’s impact on the educational and scientific process at various stages of Ukrainian state formation (Ukrainian Central Rada, Hetmanate of Pavlo Skoropadskyi, Directory of the Ukrainian People's Republic and the West Ukrainian People's Republic) were considered. The transformations experience of the educational sphere at that time was summarized, and specific proposals were offered on this basis regarding the possibilities of their implementation in the practice of public administration in the field of modern Ukraine’s education and science. It is outlined that precisely in these years, compared to the pre-revolutionary period, the number of higher educational institutions increased significantly, the quality of their specialist training improved, curricula were streamlined and improved, new specializations were introduced, and Ukrainian-language teaching was introduced. Individual institutes and all universities got the right to establish graduate schools, doctorate schools and to grant research degrees to researchers. The changes in the content and social purpose of higher education and the attitude towards it are highlighted. It is emphasized that education itself began to be considered not as a separate, distant, and sometimes hostile to the interests of the people, cultural environment, but as an integral part of the nation’s cultural heritage and its gradual development.

У статті проведено аналіз сегментів публічної політики у сфері освіти і науки в добу Української національної революції. З’ясовано, що в основу концепції національної освіти українськими урядами 1917–1920 рр. закладені головні принципи, які сповідували громадсько-державний характер освіти, були методологічними орієнтирами організації національної школи і не втратили цінності й сьогодні. Саме у концепції будівництва освіти політичними, культурними та громадськими діячами важлива роль відводилась формуванню національної вищої гуманітарної та природничої освіти, на перше місце ставилися питання створення українських гуманітарних вищих навчальних закладів і, насамперед, університетів, тому що саме вища освіта, як ніяка інша, була найбільш зрусифікована і, до того ж, серед студентського складу був низький відсотковий показник українців. Розглянуто особливості впливу публічної політики на освітньо-науковий процес на різних етапах українського державотворення (Української Центральної Ради, Гетьманату Павла Скоропадського, Директорії Української Народної Республіки та Західноукраїнської Народної Республіки), узагальнено досвіду тодішніх трансформацій освітньої сфери й запропоновано на цій основі конкретні пропозицій щодо можливостей їх імплементації в практику публічного управління у сфері освіти і науки сучасної України.

Keywords

Hetmanate, education, Directory, наука, публічне управління, West Ukrainian People's Republic, Директорія, public policy, Ukrainian National Revolution, Central Council, Українська Народна Республіка, public administration, Ukrainian People's Republic, освіта, Українська національна революція, Центральна Рада, Гетьманат, публічна політика, Західноукраїнська Народна Республіка, science

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold