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Celulitis de cara y cuello por Haemophilus influenzae tipo b. A propósito de un caso clínico

Authors: Vomero, Alejandra; Vázquez, Ana Inés; Delfino, Marcos; Pírez, Catalina;

Celulitis de cara y cuello por Haemophilus influenzae tipo b. A propósito de un caso clínico

Abstract

Resumen: Haemophilus influenzae tipo b es una bacteria capsulada gramnegativa de distribución mundial. Es responsable de diferentes formas clinicas de enfermedad invasiva entre las que se encuentran: meningitis, epiglotitis, bacteriemia, artritis séptica, celulitis, osteomielitis y pericarditis. Estas enfermedades son inmunoprevenibles. La celulitis facial por Haemophilus influenzae tipo b es una infección invasiva potencialmente grave que afecta predominantemente a menores de 2 años de edad, dado que es una población inmunológicamente susceptible. Existen elementos clínicos característicos, pero no patognomónicos que permiten sospechar esta infección. Se presenta el caso clínico de un lactante de 8 meses de edad, únicamente calmetizado, que acude al servicio de urgencias con una tumefacción extensa de cara que ingresa a sala de cuidados moderados con planteo clínico de celulitis. Dada la rápida extensión del proceso infeccioso, requiere traslado a unidad de cuidados intensivos. Se realizó analítica de valoración infecciosa y tomografía computada que delimitó el proceso y confirmó la existencia de una colección. Se inició antibioticoterapia empírica y drenaje quirúrgico con lo que se obtuvo una buena evolución clínica. En el hemocultivo se aisló Haemophilus influenzae tipo b. Se destaca la importancia de la vacunación, así como de la vigilancia epidemiológica activa. Summary: Haemophilus influenzae type b is a globally spread Gram-negative encapsulated bacterium. It is responsible for several invasive disease clinical manifestations, such as meningitis, epiglottitis, bacteremia, septic arthritis, cellulitis, osteomyelitis and pericarditis. These are immuno-preventable diseases. Facial cellulitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b is a potentially serious invasive infection predominantly affecting children under 2 years of age, since this an immunologically susceptible population. There are characteristic clinical elements, though not pathognomonic, that arise suspicion of this infection. We present a clinical case of an 8-month old infant, immunized with only one dose of BCG vaccine (calmetization), who arrived at the emergency ward with extended swelling of the face and was admitted to the intermediate care unit with a clinical diagnosis of cellulitis. Due to the rapid extension of the infectious process, he had to be transferred to the intensive care unit. Clinical tests to assess the infection and a CT scan were performed, which confirmed the process and the existence of a collection. We started empiric antibiotic therapy and surgical drainage and obtained a good clinical evolution. Haemophilus influenzae type b was isolated in the blood culture. We emphasize the importance of vaccination as well as of an active epidemiological surveillance. Resumo: O Haemophilus influenzae tipo b é uma bactéria encapsulada Gram-negativa de disseminação global. É responsável por várias manifestações clínicas da doença invasiva, como meningite, epiglotite, bacteremia, artrite séptica, celulite, osteomielite e pericardite. Estas são doenças imunopreveníveis. A celulite do rosto causada por Haemophilus influenzae tipo b é uma infecção invasiva potencialmente grave que afeta predominantemente crianças menores de 2 anos de idade, uma vez que é uma população imunológicamente suscetível. Existem elementos clínicos característicos, embora não patognomônicos, que levantam suspeita dessa infecção. Apresentamos um caso clínico de um lactente de 8 meses de idade, imunizado com apenas uma dose da vacina BCG (calmetization), que chegou à sala de emergências com edema prolongado do rosto e foi admitido na unidade de cuidados intermediários com diagnóstico clínico de celulite. Devido à rápida extensão do processo infeccioso, ele teve que ser transferido para a unidade de terapia intensiva. Realizaram-se testes clínicos para avaliar a infecção e uma tomografia computadorizada, o que confirmou o processo e a existência de uma coleção. Iniciamos antibioticoterapia empírica e drenagem cirúrgica e obtivemos boa evolução clínica. O Haemophilus influenzae tipo b foi isolado na hemocultura. Ressaltamos a importância da vacinação e duma vigilância epidemiológica ativa.

Keywords

Celulitis, Face, Celulite, Bacteriemia, Cara, Pescoço, Cuello, Bacteremia, Cellulitis, Neck, Haemophilus influenzae tipo b

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green