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Support from maritime surveillance data to the French Maritime Spatial Planning - AIS, VMS, Radar: Between technical potential and political constraints

Authors: Dupont, Clément;

Support from maritime surveillance data to the French Maritime Spatial Planning - AIS, VMS, Radar: Between technical potential and political constraints

Abstract

For more than ten years, Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) has been promoted as a promising approach to meet the challenges of sustainable development at sea. In Europe, it is subject to a framework directive (2014/89/EU) which requires coastal states to draw up marine spatial plans, of which the first versions are expected in 2021. Although the approaches vary from one State to another, the establishment of a precise knowledge base of the areas to be planned - regarding the environment, activities, and societies - appears to be a universal step. This geography thesis focuses on the potential and actual contributions of maritime surveillance data (AIS, VMS, radar, etc.) to this knowledge base in the context of planning in metropolitan France. It is based on a combination of a systematic review of scientific and regulatory literature, and a survey by semi-directive interviews conducted during 2019 with 40 stakeholders in the French MSP. After noting a minor contribution of monitoring data to the French planning process, the thesis highlights three main factors limiting the mobilisation of the latter, linked to the technical limitations of the systems, poor data circulation and a lack of acceptability on the part of certain stakeholders. Lastly, it calls for this observation to be seen as a reflection of the specific features of the French MSP and the difficulties it faces, particularly in terms of competition for space and distribution of powers in maritime governance.; Depuis plus de dix ans, la Planification de l’Espace Maritime (PEM) est plébiscitée comme un principe organisateur à même de répondre aux enjeux du développement durable en mer. En Europe, elle fait l’objet d’une directive cadre (2014/89/UE) qui impose aux États-côtiers l’élaboration de plans dont les premières versions sont attendues pour cette année 2021. Si les approches varient selon les États, la constitution d’un socle de connaissance précis des espaces à planifier – au regard de l’environnement, des activités, des sociétés- apparait comme une étape universelle. Cette thèse de géographie s’intéresse aux contributions potentielles et effectives des données de surveillance maritime (AIS, VMS, radar, etc.) à ce socle de connaissance dans le cadre de la planification en France métropolitaine. Elle repose sur la combinaison d’une revue systématique de la littérature scientifique et règlementaire, et d’une enquête par entretiens semi-directifs réalisée au cours de l’année 2019 auprès de 40 parties prenantes à la PEM française. Après avoir fait le constat d’une contribution mineure des données de surveillance au processus de planification français, la thèse met en lumière trois principaux facteurs limitant la mobilisation de ces dernières, liés aux limites techniques des systèmes, à la mauvaise circulation des données et à un défaut d’acceptabilité de la part de certains acteurs. Elle invite finalement à considérer ce constat comme le reflet des spécificités de la PEM française, et des difficultés auxquelles elle se confronte, notamment face aux enjeux de concurrences pour le partage de l’espace, et à répartition des pouvoirs dans la gouvernance maritime.

Country
France
Related Organizations
Keywords

Governance, Maritime surveillance, Geodata, Maritime Spatial Planning, Surveillance maritime, Data flow, Données spatio-temporelles, Gouvernance, Circulation des données, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Planification de l’Espace Maritime

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    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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