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Ecological system approach to children with disabilities in day care

Authors: Fontaine-Benaoum, Élodie;

Ecological system approach to children with disabilities in day care

Abstract

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier, à partir d’une approche écosystémique (Bronfenbrenner, 1996), l’influence de la fréquentation d’une structure collective de la petite enfance sur le développement socio-affectif des enfants en situation de handicap, sur la qualité de vie de leur famille, et sur les représentations des professionnels.Pour cela, notre échantillon se compose de 48 enfants en situation de handicap (23 filles et 25 garçons), âgés de 11 mois à 4.7 ans et accueillis en structure collective de la petite enfance, de 56 parents (47 mères et 9 pères) et de 79 professionnels. Le développement socio-affectif des enfants a été appréhendé à l’aide d’une observation (Evaluation de la Communication Sociale Précoce, Tourette & Guidetti, 1993) et d’un entretien semi-directif (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, Sparrow, Balla, & Cicchetti, 1984). Les parents ont renseignés deux questionnaires relatifs à leur qualité de vie familiale : le Family Quality Of Life scale (Hoffman, Marquis, Poston, Summers & Turnbull, 2006) et le Family Impact of Childhood Disability (Trute, Hiebert-Murphy & Levine, 2007). Ils ont également répondu à un entretien semi-directif, l'Entretien « R » (Stern, Robert-Tissot, Besson, in Lebovici, Mazet & Visier, 1989) permettant d’investiguer les représentations que les parents ont de leur enfant. Les professionnels ont été interrogés, d’une part à partir d’un questionnaire visant à identifier les valeurs éducatives qu’ils privilégient (CaMIE ; Ramstein, Krucher, El-Najjar, & Pierrehumbert, 2005) et d’autre part, à l’aide d’un entretien semi-directif afin de saisir leurs représentations du handicap et de leur rôle. Enfin, les relations parents-professionnels ont été analysées à travers le Family-professional partnership Scale (Summers et al., 2005) et l’Echelle de collaboration parent-professionnel (Lacharité, Moreau & Moreau, 1999).Nos principaux résultats indiquent que la fréquentation d’une structure collective de la petite enfance permet aux enfants en situation de handicap de maintenir et/ou d’accroître leurs compétences socio-adaptatives. Par ailleurs, plus les enfants mobilisent d’habiletés adaptatives et communicatives, moins les parents rapportent d’impacts négatifs du handicap sur leur vie de famille. Ils manifestent alors davantage de satisfaction dans leur rôle de parents et de bien-être émotionnel. En outre, plus l’enfant rencontre de difficultés au plan socio-affectif, plus les parents expriment d’affects négatifs quand ils pensent à leur enfant ou sont avec lui. Aussi, plus les parents sont satisfaits de leur qualité de vie familiale, plus, d’une part, les descriptions de l’enfant se centrent sur ses compétences et plus, d’autre part, les émotions que les parents déclarent ressentir sont positives. Enfin, les professionnels définissent majoritairement le handicap dans sa dimension médicale mais ne perçoivent pas de différence dans l’exercice de leur rôle que l’enfant soit en situation de handicap ou non.

The aim of this research is to study, with an ecological system theory ( Bronfenbrenner, 1996), the influence of the attendance of day care on socio-emotional development of children with disabilities, on family quality of life, and the representations of professionals.With this mind, our sample consists of 48 children with disabilities (23 girls and 25 boys) aged from 11 months to 4.7 years in day care, 56 parents (47 mothers and fathers 9) and 79 professionals. The socio-emotional development of children has been apprehended using an observation (Evaluation de la Communication Sociale Précoce, Tourette & Guidetti, 1993) and a semi-structured interview (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, Sparrow, Balla, & Cicchetti, 1984). Parents have filled two questionnaires on their family quality of life: the Family Quality Of Life scale (Hoffman, Marquis, Poston, Summers & Turnbull, 2006) and the Family Impact of Childhood Disability (Trute, Hiebert-Murphy & Levine, 2007). They also answered a semi-structured interview, the interview "R" (Stern, Robert-Tissot, Besson, in Lebovici, Mazet & Visier, 1989) to investigate the representations that parents have of their child. The professionals were interviewed, firstly from a questionnaire to identify their preferred educational values (CaMIE; Ramstein Krucher, El-Najjar, & Pierrehumbert, 2005) and secondly, to using a semi-structured interview to capture their representations of disability and their role. Finally, parent-professional relationships were analyzed through the Family-professional partnership Scale (Summers et al., 2005) and l’Echelle de collaboration parent-professionnel (Lacharité, Moreau & Moreau, 1999).The main results show that the attendance of day care allows children with disabilities to maintain and/or increase their social adaptive skills. In addition, more children mobilize adaptive and communicative skills, parents report less negative impact of disability on family life. They then show more satisfaction in their parenting and emotional well-being. In addition, most children encounter difficulties in socio-emotional, most parents express negative affect when they think of their child or are with them. Also, most parents are satisfied with their quality of family life, plus the one hand, the child's descriptions are focused on their skills and on the other hand, the emotions that parents say they feel are positive. Finally, professionals mainly define disability in its medical dimension but receive no difference in the performance of their role as the child is living with disabilities or not.

Country
France
Related Organizations
Keywords

Quality of life, Enfant, Disability, Représentation, Qualité de vie, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Handicap, Structure petite enfance, Representation, [SHS.PSY] Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Day care, Child, Socio-emotional development, Développement socio-affectif

35 references, page 1 of 4

Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques (2007). Petite enfance, grands défis II : éducation et structures d'accueil. Paris : Comité de l'éducation.

Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (2012). Rapport mondial sur le handicap. O.M.S

Paczkowski, E., & Baker, B. L. (2007). Parenting children with and without developmental delay: the role of self-mastery. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 51(6), 435-446.

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Park, J., Hoffman, L., Marquis, J., Turnbull, A.P., Poston, D., Mannan, H., Wang, M., & Nelson, L.L. (2003). Toward assessing family outcomes of service delivery: validation of a family quality of life survey. Journal of intellectual disability research, 47(4/5), 367-384.

Pavri, S., & Luftig, R. (2001). The social face of inclusive education : are students with learning disabilities really included in the classroom ? Preventing School Failure : Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 45(1), 8-14.

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  • citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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NIH| NEUROTRANSMITTER RECEPTORS IN GLIA
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  • Funder: National Institutes of Health (NIH)
  • Project Code: 1Z01HD002000-02
  • Funding stream: EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH &HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
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