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Fractional Order PID Based Five-Step Li-Ion Battery Charger in Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Authors: Manikandan, M.; Mohamed, S.; Mohamed, S.Y.;

Fractional Order PID Based Five-Step Li-Ion Battery Charger in Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Abstract

Scopul cercetării este de a aborda subutilizarea propulsiei bazate pe mașini electrice în transport, în ciuda numeroaselor sale avantaje față de motoarele convenționale cu ardere internă ICE, cum ar fi emisiile reduse, costurile mai mici cu combustibilul și controlul și funcționarea îmbunătățite. Pentru a atinge acest obiectiv, studiul analizează sursele de energie de ultimă generație, dispozitivele de stocare, convertoarele de putere și strategiile de control utilizate în vehiculele electrice EV. Se concentrează în special pe implementarea unei scheme de încărcare pe cinci niveluri pentru bateriile cu litiu-ion Li-ion, care sunt considerate o soluție promițătoare pentru stocarea energiei vehiculelor electrice. Rezultatele importante ale acestei lucrări includ simularea cu succes și verificarea experimentală a schemei de încărcare pe cinci nivele pentru o baterie Li-ion de 1 Ah, 3.7 V. Analiza comparativă cu metodele convenționale de încărcare demonstrează eficiență superioară 97.16%, creștere mai mică a temperaturii 1.5 grade Celsius, timpi de încărcare mai rapid aproximativ 40-43 minute și durata de viață extinsă a bateriei. Semnificația acestor rezultate constă în potențialul lor de a aborda dezavantajele cheie care împiedică adoptarea pe scară largă a vehiculelor electrice hibride plug-in PHEV, oferind o soluție practică pentru încărcarea bateriei mai rapidă, mai eficientă și mai sigură. Prin izolarea bateriei în timpul încărcării și optimizarea procesului de încărcare, sistemul propus nu numai că îmbunătățește performanța vehiculelor electrice, dar contribuie și la prelungirea duratei de viață a bateriei, promovând astfel sustenabilitatea în transport. În plus, validarea experimentală folosind MATLAB Simulink subliniază fezabilitatea practică a sistemului de încărcare propus, oferind o contribuție valoroasă în domeniul tehnologiei vehiculelor electrice.

Целью исследования является решение проблемы недостаточного использования электрических машин на транспорте, несмотря на их многочисленные преимущества перед обычными двигателями внутреннего сгорания ДВС, такие как снижение выбросов, снижение затрат на топливо, а также улучшение управления и эксплуатации. Для достижения этой цели в исследовании рассматриваются современные источники энергии, накопительные устройства, преобразователи энергии и стратегии управления, используемые в электромобилях EV. Особое внимание уделяется реализации пятиуровневой схемы зарядки литий-ионных Li-ion аккумуляторов, которые считаются перспективным решением для хранения энергии электромобилей. Важными результатами этой работы являются преимущества пятиуровневой схемы зарядки литий-ионного аккумулятора емкостью 1 Ач, напряжением 3.7 В по сравнению с традиционными методами зарядки, а именно: превосходный КПД 97.16%, меньший рост температуры 1.5 градуса Цельсия, более быстрое время зарядки около 40-43 минут и увеличенный срок службы батареи. Значимость этих результатов заключается в их потенциале для устранения ключевых недостатков, препятствующих широкому внедрению гибридных электромобилей PH EV, предлагая практическое решение для более быстрой, эффективной и безопасной зарядки аккумуляторов. Изолируя батарею во время зарядки и оптимизируя процесс зарядки, предлагаемая система не только повышает производительность электромобилей, но и способствует продлению срока службы батареи, тем самым способствуя экологичности транспорта. Кроме того, экспериментальная проверка с использованием MATLAB Simulink подчеркивает практическую осуществимость предлагаемой системы зарядки, внося ценный вклад в область технологий электромобилей.

The purpose of the research is to address the underutilization of electric machine-based propulsion in transportation despite its numerous advantages over conventional internal combustion engines ICE, such as reduced emissions, lower fuel costs, and improved control and operation. To achieve this goal, the study reviews state-of-the-art energy sources, storage devices, power converters, and control strategies used in electric vehicles EVs. It particularly focuses on the implementation of the five-level charging scheme for Lithium-ion Li-ion batteries, which are considered a promising solution for electric vehicle power storage. The important results of this work include the advantages of a five-level charging scheme for a 1Ah, 3.7V Li-ion battery compared with conventional charging methods, i.e., superior efficiency 97.16%, lower temperature rise 1.5 degrees Celsius, faster charging times around 40-43 minutes, and extended battery lifespan. The significance of these results lies in their potential to address key drawbacks hindering the widespread adoption of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles PH EVs by offering a practical solution for faster, more efficient, and safer battery charging. By isolating the battery during charging and optimizing the charging process, the proposed system not only enhances the performance of electric vehicles but also contributes to prolonging the battery life, thus promoting sustainability in transportation. Additionally, the experimental validation using MATLAB Simulink underscores the practical feasibility of the proposed charging system, providing a valuable contribution to the field of electric vehicle technology

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Keywords

литий-ионные аккумуляторы, controlere PID de tip fracționat, lithium-ion batteries, устройство пятиуровневой зарядки, fractional order PID controllers, ПИД-регуляторы дробного порядка, гибридные электромобили, dispozitiv de încărcare cu cinci niveluri, vehicule electrice hibride, baterii litiu-ion, five-level charging plug-in, hybrid electric vehicles

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green