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Прогнозирование работоспособности труб поверхностей нагрева котлов с учетом внутренних напряжений при пуско-наладочных операциях

Прогнозирование работоспособности труб поверхностей нагрева котлов с учетом внутренних напряжений при пуско-наладочных операциях

Abstract

Проблема диагностики зарождения, накопления и развития повреждаемости на микроскопическом и субмикроскопическом уровне становиться актуальной, т. к. основной ресурс работы энергетического оборудования реализуется в условиях развития микроструктурно коротких трещин и микроповреждаемости. Это обстоятельство потребовало введения специальных параметров субструктуры, таких как внутренние структурные остаточные напряжения, влияющие на ресурсную стабильность, которые позволяют использовать микроскопические подходы к оценкам внутренних физических структурных резервов металла труб поверхностей нагрева котлов его надежности и долговечности. В настоящей работе показана возможность учета внутренних структурных напряжений при проведении гидроиспытаний как важнейшей контролирующей операции при пуско-наладочных работах в условиях эксплуатации котлов различных типов. Сделан вывод, что используемое на практике давление для проведения гидроиспытаний, рассчитанное по нормативной методике, может приводить к разрушению структурного зерна стальных элементов котлов, работающих под внутренним давлением, и снижению их эксплуатационной надежности.

The problem of diagnosing the origin, development and accumulation of damage to the microscopic and submicroscopic level becomes relevant, because the main resource of energy equipment is implemented in the development of short microstructure cracks and micro defects. This required the introduction of specific parameters of the substructure, such as internal structural residual stresses affecting the stability of the resource, which allow the use of the microscopic approaches to the assessment of natural internal structural reserves of pipe metal of boiler heating surfaces of its reliability and durability. The paper demonstrates the possibility of considering internal structural stresses during hydraulic testing as a critical controlling operation at start-up operations of various types boilers. It is concluded that pressure used in practice for hydraulic testing calculated by a standard procedure can result in destruction of structural grain of boiler steel members under internal pressure and in reduction of their operational reliability.

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Keywords

lifetime, brittle fracture, хрупкое разрушение, параметры, гидроиспытания, внутренние структурные напряжения, ресурс, hydraulic testing parameters, structural granule, структурное зерно, internal stress

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green