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Аэродинамический подход к оценке крошения почвы активными рабочими органами МТА

Аэродинамический подход к оценке крошения почвы активными рабочими органами МТА

Abstract

The functioning of the system “water-soil-plant” is largely determined by the state of the soil. The optimal soil conditions for plant growth and development created by breaking up and pulverization of soil should be quantified and based on the measurements of soil hydro-physical properties. Therefore the development and substantiation of techniques and devices to evaluate the degree of soil breaking up and pulverization are quite relevant. The proposed technique involves such experimentally obtained values as porosity and specific surface of crumbs. The use of such concepts as an “effective” radius of crumb and specific surface of crumb enables to determine tools’ effectiveness when evaluating the degree of soil crumbling. Combined use of “effective” radius and water retention curve or deformability potential enables more complete representation of the extent of a mechanical action on the soil and the determination of tools’ effectiveness in the context of tillage effects on the entire functioning of the “water-soil-plant” system. Since the developed technique is based on the measurements of soil hydro-physical properties before and after tillage, and the formulas are obtained with account of the laws of thermodynamics, the use of the technique enables making quite adequate conclusions for the minimum time at minimum cost.

Функционирование системы «вода — почва — растение» во многом определяется состоянием почвы. Оптимальность созданных рыхлением и крошением почвы условий для роста и развития растений должна иметь количественную оценку и базироваться на измерениях гидрофизических характеристик почвы. Поэтому весьма актуальными становятся разработка и обоснование методик и технических средств для оценки степени рыхления и крошения почвы. В предложенном нами способе за основу взяты такие определяемые из эксперимента величины, как пористость и удельная поверхность комков. Использование таких понятий, как радиус «эффективного» комка и удельная поверхность комков позволяет определить эффективность орудия при оценке степени крошения почвы. Совместное использование «эффективного» радиуса можно с ОГХ или потенциалом деформируемости, что еще более полно и достоверно отражает степень механического воздействия на почву и позволяет определять эффективность орудий в разрезе влияния почвообрабатывающей техники на функционирование системы «вода — почва — растение» в целом. Поскольку разработанная методика базируется на измерениях гидрофизических характеристик почвы до и после обработки, а формулы получены с учетом законов термодинамики, ее использование позволяет делать вполне адекватные выводы за минимальное время при минимальных затратах.

Keywords

РЫХЛЕНИЕ И КРОШЕНИЕ ПОЧВЫ, ЭФФЕКТИВНАЯ УДЕЛЬНАЯ ПОВЕРХНОСТЬ КОМКОВ, АЭРОДИНАМИЧЕСКИЙ МЕТОД, ОПТИМАЛЬНЫЙ РЕЖИМ, ИДЕАЛИЗИРОВАННАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ПОЧВЫ, АКТИВНЫЕ РАБОЧИЕ ОРГАНЫ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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