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Биоразнообразие лесных фитоценозов марийского Присурья

Биоразнообразие лесных фитоценозов марийского Присурья

Abstract

Проведена оценка биоразнообразия водораздельных и долинных лесов в нижнем течении р. Суры, где расположен один из наиболее крупных массивов водораздельных широколиственных лесов Республики Марий Эл. В процессе исследований выделено 3 группы фитоценозов (кластера): широколиственные леса и их производные, искусственные насаждения дуба черешчатого, чернои сероольшаники. Исследованные лесные сообщества характеризуются высоким уровнем таксономического разнообразия. Обнаружено 202 вида сосудистых растений 59 семейств, из них 6 видов включены в Красную книгу Республики Марий Эл. Доминантами древесного яруса широколиственных лесов в порядке убывания являются липа сердцевидная (Tilia cordata Mill.), клен платанолистный (Acer platanoides L.), ясень обыкновенный (Fraxinus excelsior L.), дуб черешчатый (Quercus robur L.), береза повислая (Betula pendula Roth). В подросте преобладают клен платанолистный, вяз шершавый (Ulmus glabra Huds.). Встречающийся и в древостое, и в подросте ясень обыкновенный включен в красную книгу Республики Марий Эл, где проходит северо-восточная граница сплошного ареала распространения данного вида. Видовое богатство сообществ этой группы образуют 125 видов сосудистых растений при средней видовой насыщенности 20 видов на 400 м2. В посадках дуба произрастает 68 видов при средней видовой насыщенности 33 вида на 400 м². В чернои сероольшаниках обнаружено 130 видов. Средняя видовая насыщенность низкая 16 видов на 400 м². В сообществах первого и третьего кластеров преобладают виды неморальной группы, за ними следуют нитрофильные и луговые виды. В сообществах второго кластера доля неморальных и нитрофильных видов практически одинакова.

The assessment of a biodiversity of the woods in the lower reaches of the Sura River, where one of the largest broad-leaved forests of Mari El is allocated, has been carried out. In the course of the researches, 3 groups (clusters) have been allocated: broad-leaved forests and their derivatives, artificial plantings of oak (Quercus robur L.), alder woods (Alnus glutinosa L., Alnus incana (L.) Moench). The studied territory is characterized by high level of biodiversity: 202 species of vascular plants of 59 families have been revealed. 6 of them are included into the Red Data List of Mari El. Tilia cordata Mill., Acer platanoides L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Quercus robur L., Betula pendula Roth are the dominants of canopy layer of the broad-leaved forests in decreasing order. Acer platanoides, Ulmus glabra Huds prevail in the understorey. Fraxinus excelsior, growing in these woods, is included into the Red Data List of Mari El where the northeast border of the continuous area of distribution of this species passes. The biodiversity of communities of this group is formed by 125 species of vascular plants at an average density of 20 species per 400 m². In oak plantations there are 68 species at an average density 33 per 400 m². In alder forests, 130 species have been revealed. An average species density is low 16 per 400 m². Species of nemoral group prevail in the communities of the first and the third clusters, nitrophilic and meadow species follow them. Percentages of nemoral and nitrophilic species are quite the same in the second cluster communities.

Keywords

БИОРАЗНООБРАЗИЕ, ШИРОКОЛИСТВЕННЫЕ ЛЕСА, ЧЕРНОИ СЕРООЛЬШАНИКИ, ТАКСОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗНООБРАЗИЕ, СТРУКТУРНОЕ РАЗНООБРАЗИЕ, ЭКОЛОГО-ЦЕНОТИЧЕСКИЕ ГРУППЫ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold
Related to Research communities
Italian National Biodiversity Future Center