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Порядок формирования центральных избирательных органов в России и Германии: опыт сравнительного правоведения

Порядок формирования центральных избирательных органов в России и Германии: опыт сравнительного правоведения

Abstract

Background. Features of the Central Election Commission of Russia, which are used by the Russian electoral legislation, create additional difficulties for determining the place of the said body in the system of public authorities. Thus, the CEC of Russia is defined as a federal state body, but the term “public authority” is not used. At the moment there is a controversy in legal science about a correlation these concepts. The study of foreign experience contributes to elucidation of the meaning of national regulations as well as perception of the experience of other countries. Objective to determine the main characteristics of the Russian Central Election Commission and the central electoral authorities of the Federal Republic of Germany, to carry out a comparative analysis of the legal status of these bodies. Materials and methods. The research tasks were implemented on the basis of the analysis of existing legislation, defining a system of organization of elections in Russia and Germany. As research methods the author used a method of analysis of normative and legal regulation, legal-historical and comparative-legal methods. Results. The article defines features of the legal status of the head of the Federal Election and the Federal Commission on Elections composed of the Federal Commissioner as a chairman and eight appointed judges (Germany) as well as adduces the historical experience of regulation of elections organization in Prussia and the German Empire. Conclusions. It is emphasized that creation of the CEC in Russia is a significant step forward in institutionalization of an independent electoral body, formed on a parity basis by various federal authorities. However, recognition of one or another system that meets the standards of democratic elections does not dependent on presence (or absence) of an independent central electoral body.

Актуальность и цели. Характеристики Центральной избирательной комиссии (ЦИК) России, которые использует российское избирательное законодательство, создают дополнительные трудности для определения места данного органа в системе носителей публичной власти. Так, ЦИК России определена как федеральный государственный орган, но не используется термин «орган государственной власти». По настоящее время присутствует в юридической науке полемика о соотносимости данных понятий. Изучение зарубежного опыта способствует уяснению смысла отечественных нормативных актов, а также восприятию опыта других стран. Цель работы определить основные характеристики ЦИК России и центральных избирательных органов Федеративной Республики Германия, провести сравнительно-правовой анализ статуса указанных органов. Материалы и методы. Реализация исследовательских задач была достигнута на основе анализа действующих нормативных актов, определяющих систему организации выборов в России и Германии. В качестве методов исследования были использованы метод анализа нормативно-правового регулирования, историко-правовой и сравнительно-правовой методы. Результаты. Выделены особенности правового статуса Федерального руководителя по проведению выборов и Федеральной комиссии по выборам, состоящей из Федерального уполномоченного в качестве председателя и восьми назначенных заседателей (Германия). Приведен исторический опыт регулирования организации выборов в Пруссии и Германской империи. Выводы. Подчеркивается, что создание ЦИК в нашем государстве значительный шаг вперед по институционализации самостоятельного избирательного органа, формирующегося на паритетной основе различными федеральными органами государственной власти. Однако признание той или иной системы отвечающей демократическим стандартам выборов не зависит от наличия (или отсутствия) независимого центрального избирательного органа.

Keywords

ЦЕНТРАЛЬНАЯ ИЗБИРАТЕЛЬНАЯ КОМИССИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ,ИЗБИРАТЕЛЬНАЯ СИСТЕМА ГЕРМАНИИ,ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ РУКОВОДИТЕЛЬ ПО ПРОВЕДЕНИЮ ВЫБОРОВ,ВЫБОРЫ,CENTRAL ELECTION COMMISSION OF RUSSIA,ELECTORAL SYSTEM IN GERMANY,HEAD OF THE FEDERAL ELECTIONS

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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